Nrog kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis,cov khoom siv polymertau ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo, ua rau tib neeg cov khoom siv thiab cov khoom siv ua neej nyob raws li qhov nyuaj thiab ceev kom mos.
1. Kev txhais
Lub ntsiab Cheebtsam ntawmcov khoom siv polymerFeem ntau yog cov tshuaj polymer, uas nws qhov hnyav molecular yog li 1 000, uas tsuas yog rau lub tswv yim ntawm lub cev.Tam sim no, polymer plastics tau siv dav, tab sis niaj hnub siv cov yas yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv polymer, feem ntau hu ua siab lossis macromolecule, yog tsim los ntawm monomer raw cov ntaub ntawv lossis cov khoom siv raw rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw, thiab dhau los ntawm kev txhim kho tom qab, thiab fusion resin, xim, stabilizer thiab lwm yam additives.Cov duab ntawm cov yas polymer tuaj yeem hloov pauv dawb thiab tuaj yeem tsim raws li tus neeg siv khoom xav tau.
2. Yam ntxwv
Polymer plastics tsis tsuas yog muaj lawv tus kheej tshwj xeeb, uas yog, kev hloov pauv hauv cov duab, tab sis kuj muaj viscoelasticity.Polymer yas, yog tias raug rau sab nraud quab yuam, nws lub cev yuav ua rau siab elastic deformation, viscous txaus, polymer yas deformation feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog lub sijhawm.Tsis tas li ntawd, cov yas polymer kuj muaj lub zog tshwj xeeb, tsis tshua muaj zog thiab lwm yam ntxwv, lub zog ntawm cov yas polymer feem ntau qis dua, tab sis nws qhov ceev yog qis dua, yog li lub zog yuav siab dua.Polymer muaj ntau yam ntxwv, xws li kev ruaj ntseg, siab hnav tsis kam, nthuav dav, siab rwb thaiv tsev, yog li nws yog dav siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam teb, los ntawm ntau tus neeg nyiam.
Cov hom ntawm cov yas polymer kuj muaj ntau haiv neeg.Tam sim no, kev faib tawm ntawm cov khoom siv polymer hauv Suav teb feem ntau suav nrog xya pawg: roj hmab, cov txheej txheem polymer, cov ntaub ntawv polymer, cov khoom sib xyaw, cov yas, fibers thiab cov yas.
ib.Roj hmab.
Tus nqi ntawm cov roj hmab molecular saw yog me me, hloov tau, qhov no yog los ntawm qhov pom ntawm thaj chaw ntawm physics.Roj hmab nrog qhov loj ntawm lub zog sab nraud yuav hloov nws cov duab, nrog kev tsis ruaj khov, yog tias lub zog sab nraud raug tshem tawm, cov roj hmab qub qub tuaj yeem rov qab tau sai.
b.Polymer nplaum.
Cov ntaub ntawv nplaum ntawm polymer nplaum yog cov khoom siv ntuj tsim.Hauv kev xyaum, nws feem ntau muab faib ua ob hom: ntuj, hluavtaws nplaum.Feem ntau siv yog hluavtaws nplaum.
c.polymer txheej.
Lub ntsiab Cheebtsam ntawm polymer txheej yog cov polymers, uas yog ua nyob rau hauv ib tug kuj yooj yim txoj kev, feem ntau yog ntxiv cov kuab tshuaj los yog additives nyob rau hauv nws cov txheej txheem ntau lawm.Polymer txheej yog muab faib ua 3 hom, uas yog roj, hluavtaws resin thiab natural resin, feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub.
d.cov ntaub ntawv polymer.
Feem ntau siv cov khoom hnyav molecular feem ntau suav nrog cov enzyme siab molecular thiab cov ntaub ntawv siab molecular pob tshab.Cov ntaub ntawv polymer muaj qee yam haujlwm: lub zog, cov khoom siv, cov ntaub ntawv hloov dua siab tshiab, kis tau tus mob thiab cov hlau nplaum.
e.fiber ntau.
Fiber ntau muaj nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub, feem ntau muab faib ua ob hom: ntuj fiber ntau thiab tshuaj fiber ntau.Fiber muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm me me deformation quab yuam, me me theem nrab valence quab yuam thiab siab modulus hauv lub cev lub tswv yim.
f.Cov yas.
Yas yog ib hom khoom siv ntau dua tam sim no, kuj yog cov khoom siv tshaj plaws.Cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov yas feem ntau yog cov khoom siv hluavtaws, cov polymers ntuj, thiab kev sib koom ua ke ntawm lwm cov khoom ntxiv, xws li plasticizers, fillers thiab lwm yam.Yas feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws, yog li nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua thermosetting yas, thermoplastic.
3. Lub cev muaj zog
Feem ntau, yog tias cov yas polymer tso rau hauv isothermal tej yam kev mob, yooj yim los tsim cov khoom.Hauv kev ua haujlwm tiag tiag, qhov kub ntawm crystallization tsis zoo ib yam.Yog tias qhov kub ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm crystallization loj, nws yuav cuam tshuam rau cov txheej txheem crystallization.Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev ntxhov siab yog feem ntau tsim nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm spinning txoj kev, zaj duab xis stretching forming thiab extrusion forming, uas ua rau lub siab nyiam ntawm accelerating cov khoom.Tsis tas li ntawd, plastics siv cov txheej txheem hauv shear stress.Thiab nyob rau hauv lub zog ntawm tensile kev nyuaj siab, lub yaj yuav tsim ntev fibrous crystals.Qhov siab dua qhov kev ntxhov siab thiab cov kab mob sib kis yog, cov chains elongated ntau dua thiab siab dua qhov melting point.
4. Cov khoom siv tshuaj
Feem ntau hais lus, yog tias cov khoom siv polymer raug muab tso rau hauv kev ntxhov siab thiab kub kub, cov qauv molecular yuav muaj qee qhov kev hloov pauv.Hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no, cov khoom siv polymer feem ntau tso tawm ntau cov tshuaj degraded, yog li tso tawm ntau yam teeb meem.Txog rau qhov kawg no, hauv kev ua haujlwm yuav tsum yog cov ntaub ntawv qhia meej meej, xaiv cov khoom siv raw zoo.Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ib qho me me ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv antioxidant thiab stabilizer tuaj yeem ntxiv rau hauv cov mis los txhim kho cov kev tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov polymer.
Post lub sij hawm: Jul-16-2019